ISHS Acta Horticulturae 828: International Symposium on Recent Advances in Banana Crop Protection for Sustainable Production and Improved Livelihoods
BREEDING BANANA FOR COMBINED RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT AND NEMATODES IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA |
| Authors: | N. Kumar, T. Damodaran, V. Krishnamoorthy |
| Keywords: | banana hybrids, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, nematodes, resistance, tolerance |
| Abstract:
Banana production in India is severely threatened by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), and various nematode species, resulting in considerable loss to growers. Effective management and plant protection practices cannot guarantee full control. Further, chemical control may cause damage to the environment. An alternative is to develop new banana hybrids with resistance or tolerance to Fusarium wilt and nematodes. 25 synthetic parthenocarpic hybrids (7 diploids, 2 triploids and 16 tetraploids) have been produced in a breeding programme in Tamil Nadu, India. These hybrids along with their parents were screened for reaction to Foc race 1, employing a root inoculation technique undertaken on potted plants. The hybrids and parents were also screened against Pratylenchus coffeae in pots and against mixed populations of P. coffeae, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus under field conditions. Among the 25 hybrids screened, 9 exhibited resistance to Foc race 1 while 1 showed resistance and 6 showed tolerance to the nematodes. Many of the hybrids that appeared resistant to nematodes under field conditions were found to be tolerant in pots. 1 tetraploid hybrid ‘H-02-34’ (AABB), a cross between ‘Pisang Awak’ (ABB) ×’ (AAA), and a triploid hybrid ‘NPH 02.01’ (AAB), a cross between ‘H-201’ (AB) × ‘Anaikomban’ (AA), had resistance to Foc race 1 and tolerance to nematodes. The reaction of ‘NPH 02.01’ was confirmed in field trials over a 2-year period. The potential of these 2 hybrids is discussed. An estimation of the activities of enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and ß-1-3 glucanase, revealed that resistant parents and hybrids had higher activities than susceptible ones. | |
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