ISHS Acta Horticulturae 785: International Symposium on Grape Production and Processing
GRAPE BREEDING, CULTIVATION AND PROCESSING IN SOUTH KOREA |
| Author: | Gi-Cheol Song |
| Abstract:
Grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in terms of crop production in Korea. From 1999 to 2003, the area planted to grapes decreased at an annual average rate of 3.8%, mainly due to import of foreign grapes and tropical fruits. Among the varieties 'Campbell Early' cultivar occupies 74.4% of the total area cultivated to grapes. 'Kyoho' cultivar occupies 12.9%, 'M.B.A.' 5%, and 'Sheridan' 4.9%. Since the 1990s, eight new table grape cultivars developed by NHRI have been released. For 'Campbell Early' grapes, many farmers use the Wakeman's system for trellis system. They are modifying this system having one or two arms and alternative canes pointed at different directions (the height of the trunk is around 1.5 m) to save labor. Farmers use shelves for 'Kyoho' grapes, which produces big berries around 12 g. This system has narrow (1.8 m x 53.6 m) rows. Vines in alternate row are removed four to five years after planting. Researchers at NHRI are now testing the different trellis systems: improved rain shelter, improved H-shaped and natural one-branch for rain shelter. Physiological disorders caused by erratic weather are common. Simple plastic houses reduce berry cracking and berry shattering with protection from high rainfall. Efforts have been made to solve brown spot and leaf burn symptoms caused by poor air conditioning in plastic house under hot sunlight after heavy rain. Chemicals are applied about 10 times a year, but this frequency is reduced to less than three to four times by using plastic house. A number of farmers are increasingly using cover crops to control soil erosion and weeds and environment-friendly agricultural practices such as organic farming, integrated fruit production (IFP), good agricultural practices (GAP). This year NHRI is completing three-year IFP programs to be conducted in five regions in Korea. This will include GAP to be implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The Grape Research Center established on June 21, 2005 through farmers’ requests from the Korean government is conducting researches extensively on grapevines including wine. | |
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