ISHS Acta Horticulturae 767: XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Sustainability through Integrated and Organic Horticulture
SEASONAL MONITORING OF TWO XYLOPHAGOUS ORCHARD PESTS BY PHEROMONE TRAPS IN BULGARIA |
| Authors: | H. Kutinkova, M. Tóth, G. Szőcs, M. Subchev, F. Rama |
| Keywords: | apple-clearwing-moth, Synanthedon-myopaeformis, leopard-moth-borer, Zeuzera-pyrina, seasonal-flight, sticky-traps, dry-funnel-traps |
| Abstract:
Seasonal monitoring of apple clearwing moth, Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkh. and leopard moth borer, Zeuzera pyrina L., was conducted, by pheromone traps, in the experimental apple orchards of the Fruit Growing Institute, Plovdiv, in the years 2003-2005. The baits for S. myopaeformis were a product of Csalomon® (Institute of Plant Protection, Budapest, Hungary) and those for Z. pyrina of Isagro (Novara, Italy). The sticky Delta and dry funnel traps for S. myopaeformis and Pherocon 1C as well as dry funnel for Z. pyrina were installed in May each year. The flight of apple clearwing moth began in the middle of May and lasted from 3 to 3 1/2 months, until the middle or end of August. Mass flight occurred between the middle of June and the end of July. Both sticky and funnel traps may be used for monitoring systems of apple clearwing moth, but for detection purposes, sticky traps are apparently more sensitive to low population densities whereas the dry traps are better suited to the high population densities. The pheromone bait showed a satisfactory effectiveness and selectivity. In 2002 and 2003 the earliest catches of leopard moths were recorded in the 3rd week of June, but in 2004 the first catch was registered on June 10. In 2002, the last catches were recorded on August 4, while in 2003 and 2004, they were at the beginning of September. The sticky and dry traps showed similar effectiveness in all three years of investigations. The pheromone dispensers for leopard moth have shown a good selectivity; however, the catches were relatively low, in contrast to a rather high level of injury. | |
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