ISHS Acta Horticulturae 754: International Workshop on Advances in Grapevine and Wine Research
OPTIMIZATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN GRAPEVINE |
| Authors: | I. Gribaudo, G. Gambino, R. Vallania |
| Keywords: | Vitis, anther culture, microsporogenesis, embryo germination |
| Abstract:
Somatic embryogenesis is the most common regeneration system for grapevine (Vitis spp.). The aim of this work was the optimisation of two key-steps of grape somatic embryogenesis protocol: the identification of the best developmental stage to initiate immature anther culture and the improvement of somatic embryo germination. For the first topic, the observations of common features in three grape genotypes allowed to identify six flower developmental stages, in relation to the microsporogenesis and outward appearance of anthers and flowers. The best results in inducing somatic embryogenesis were obtained for V. vinifera cultivars ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Barbera’ when explants were collected at early stages of flower development and microsporogenesis, while in the case of the hybrid rootstock 110R somatic embryogenesis occurred more frequently if anthers were collected at later stages. In order to increase the rate of embryo conversion into plants, several germination treatments were tested: a) embryo chilling at 4 °C for 2, 4 and 8 weeks, b) embryo dehydration, c) addition of BAP or GA3 (1 μM) to the culture medium, d) frequent transfers of embryos on growth regulators-free medium, e) use of special vessels which allow higher gas exchange through a filter strip on the cover. These treatments were applied to somatic embryos of cultivars ‘Grignolino’ and [for treatments c] ‘Brachetto a grappolo lungo’. Slight improvements of germination rate (about 10% more than the untreated control) were obtained with the treatments a), d) and e). | |
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