ISHS Acta Horticulturae 754: International Workshop on Advances in Grapevine and Wine Research
EVALUATION OF INDIGENOUS GERMPLASM THROUGH "ENVIRONMENT × GENOTYPE" INTERACTION |
| Authors: | P. Storchi, M. Pieri, P. Valentini, P. Bucelli, V. Faviere, F. Giannetti |
| Keywords: | Vitis vinifera, genetic resource, valorisation |
| Abstract:
The Tuscan viticulture was characterized by the presence of an enormous number of indigenous cultivars, resulting from centuries of natural and human selection which brought to the establishment of a tight cultivar-environment relationship. In recent years ‘Sangiovese’ was the most important cultivar in the region and the so called ‘international cultivars’, mainly noble French varieties, invaded the Tuscan vineyards. Today, wine makers are starting to look at local varietal heritage again, re-examining their enological value and marketing potential. Cultivars such as ‘Foglia Tonda’, ‘Barsaglina’ and ‘Mazzese’ are some examples of local varietal biodiversity which offers potentiality in terms of original wines. The aim of the work was the study of the relationships between some environmental parameters, i.e. climate and site, and quality of grape and wine. In this study, the three winegrape indigenous varieties were compared with two reference cultivars ‘Sangiovese’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Vines were cultivated in three experimental vineyards from 1998 to 2003. The following characteristics were measured: phenology, yield and vegetative potential, morphologic characteristics of cluster and fruit; phenolic composition of grape-seed and skin extracts; anthocyanin composition of skin; must and wine composition. The results showed a different adaptation degree of the indigenous cultivars to the cultivation environment and permitted also to identify the agronomic and enological peculiarities of examined grapevines. Differences among varieties were observed in must and wine composition. ‘Foglia Tonda’ and ‘Barsaglina’ wine were characterized by the highest colour intensity. The environmental factors influenced the expression of the genotype. For instance, ‘Foglia tonda’ vine, showed a decrease of wine quality in the most fertile site. | |
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