ISHS Acta Horticulturae 749: I International Symposium on Chamomile Research, Development and Production
BREEDING OF BISABOLOL DIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID VARIETIES OF CHAMOMILE IN SLOVAKIA |
| Authors: | V. Oravec Sr., V. Oravec Jr., V. Gaia - Mgr. Oravec |
| Abstract:
Works on breeding of new cultivars of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert) began in the 1970s. The original species Bohemia crossbred with Spanish bisabolol varieties was used as input material for breeding new cultivars. The following cultivars were developed: diploid cultivar ‘Kosice 3’ and tetraploid cultivars ‘Kosice 2’ and ‘Kosice 1’. The research team of authors consisted of the members of the staff from the Department of Experimental Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safariks University in Kosice and Botanical Garden in Kosice later followed by Agricultural Farm Nova Lubovna and firm Vilora in Stara Lubovna. The new diploid bisabolol variety ‘Bona’ was released in 1984; the variety was registered in the National Variety Book under number 1495. It is an annual plant, characteristically fragrant, of medium height, with a flower head diameter of 16 mm and not susceptible to disintegration, essential oil content in flower heads 0.95%, /-/-α-bisabolol content 45-52%, chamazulene content 18-22%, and /-/-α-bisabololoxides 0.1-1%. Seeds HTS (absolute weight of 100 seeds) was 0.065 g. This was the first release of cultivated chamomile cultivars. ‘Novbona’, also a diploid /-/-α-bisabolol genotype, was released in 1995; the variety was registered in the National Variety Book under number 3052/registration number 3332. In Slovakia it was accepted in 1997. The cultivar ‘Novbona’ is comparable to ‘Bona’ in terms of quality but has not proved commercially useful to date. ‘Goral’ is a tetraploid type and produces 35% /-/-α-bisabolol and 65% /-/-α-bisabololoxide genotype; it was released in 1990. The cultivar was registered in the National Variety Book under number 1888. The content of essential oil ranges from 1.0 to 1.2%, chamazulene over 25%, but the content of /-/-α-bisabolol (24%) does not exceed the sum of other bisabolol-type compounds. It is popular with growers, because it has desirable yield features. ‘Lutea’, a tetraploid /-/-α-bisabolol genotype, is the cultivar released in 1995 and registered in the National Variety Book under number 3051/registration number 3333. The content of essential oil is 1.0-1.2% in the drug, the content of chamazulene in essential oil is represented by 24% or more, and /-/-α-bisabolol ranges between 45-50%. It is a very suitable cultivar for arid climatic conditions. Sustained breeding of the above cultivars was undertaken by the Department of Experimental Biology and Genetics and Agricultural Farm, Nova Lubovna and since 1993 also by KEBaG and the firm Vilora. The cultivars ‘Novbona’ and ‘Lutea’ are protected by patent. | |
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