ISHS Acta Horticulturae 748: II International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants
HOW "MICROPROPAGATION-OMICS" CAN CONTRIBUTE TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PHENOMENA TAKING PLACE IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE |
| Author: | Y. Desjardins |
| Keywords: | genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic, tissue-culture, in vitro |
| Abstract:
Plantlets growing in vitro present both a modified anatomy and physiology induced by the distinct environment they are cultured in, which is characterized by low light, high sucrose and nitrogen in the medium, presence of exogenous growth regulators, and confinement conditions leading to poor gas exchanges in vessels (Desjardins et al., 1995; Pospisilova et al., 1999). This altered morphology and physiology is responsible for the plantlet’s poor recovery after transfer to ex vitro conditions and poor establishment to uncontrolled field conditions (Tichá et al., 1999; Wetzstein and Sommer, 1982). There is an abundant literature describing the aberrations caused by tissue culture and some possible ways to alleviate the problems is causes. More than 15 years ago, Debergh and Vanderschaeghe (1990), suggested to designate as “in-vitrofication” the syndrome caused by in vitro culture and responsible for poor survival ex vitro. This syndrome encompassed stomatal malfunctions, lethal hypolignification problems and hyperhydricity. Despite the overwhelming recognition of the acclimatization problem by tissue culture laboratory managers and by research scientists, it has been a daunting task to understand the basis of the problem because in-vitrofication is the result of a complex and multiple combinations of factors. It is essentially the lack of suitable analytical tools available to study the factors responsible for the characteristic in vitro phenotype, which prevented advancements in this area. However, the advent of new molecular tools referred as “OMICS” is revolutionizing plant biology and could also be utilized to improve our understanding of the acclimatization problems and its underlying developmental causes in vitro. | |
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