ISHS Acta Horticulturae 741: I International Symposium on Fresh Food Quality Standards: Better Food by Quality and Assurance
A PART OF IPRI (IRAN'S PISTACHIO RESEARCH INSTITUTE) RESEARCH FINDING RELATED TO PISTACHIO HYGIENIC PRODUCTION |
| Authors: | H. Hokmabadi, A. Tajabadi Pour, M. Moradi, N. Sedaghati, A. Esmaeilpour, M. Mohamadi Moghadam, F. Mirdamadiha, M. Arjmand |
| Keywords: | pistachio nuts |
| Abstract:
Pistachio is one of the major horticultural products of with especial economic importance. In average, 70% of Iranian pistachio nuts are exported. They have a value in exportation and the economy of Iran. The area under pistachio cultivation is estimated 300.000 hectares with yield production about 240.000 ton dried pistachio nuts annually. Due to suitable climate condition, Iranian's pistachio holds high quality and it is unique companied its competitors. Contamination of pistachio fruit to aflatoxin is one of the most important problems what threats pistachio exportation and food safety. Research on pistachio production in Iran was started in 1960; I.P.R.I (Iran’s Pistachio Research Institute) was established in 1993 with research on pistachio in 6 departments. In pistachio we found that the most important in contamination of pistachio with aflatoxin is cracking of hull before harvest. Early splitting and cracks on pistachio hull are considered as one of the most important factors that led to contamination of pistachio to molds. In early splitting both hull and shell of pistachio will crack contemporarily and kernel will aggress by aflatoxin producer directly. It was found that there is direct correlation between early split pistachios percentage and their contamination to aflatoxin. Appearance characteristics of contaminated pistachios to aflatoxin are different. Some of effective factors to early split formation are cultivar and rootstock type, age, quantity of crop, irrigation, nutrition, soil, temperature, humidity and etc. Our results indicated that long irrigation intervals and deficit irrigation of pistachio trees in late April until early June increased substantially (until 90%) ES formation in comparison with regular irrigation. In order to prevention of aflatoxin contamination in pistachio fruits harvest time important factor. Delaying in harvest time also increased colored nuts percentage. Observance of healthy points in processing stages (washing, drying and storing) can decrease contaminant of pistachios to aflatoxin in orchard. Separating of contaminated nuts on basis of their physical and appearance characteristics reduce aflatoxin contamination. In addition, suitable harvest time must be selected after harvest rapid transformation to processing stage is as important as well. In processing stage correct processing must be taken. Best processing is best separation of abnormal pistachio from normal ones. Existence and / or percentage of deformed, yellow shell discoloration and Shell discoloration pistachios can apply as a factor to determine contamination of pistachio bulks, and also they are the most important sources of contamination. In this paper it will review some new finding in IPRI in case of hygienic pistachio production. | |
Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files) | |
