ISHS Acta Horticulturae 732: VIII International Symposium on Canopy, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems
GROWTH AND EARLY BEARING OF APPLE TREES AS AFFECTED BY THE TYPE OF NURSERY TREES USED FOR PLANTING |
| Authors: | A. Sadowski, M. Mackiewicz, R. Dziuban |
| Keywords: | budding, grafting, heading, feathers, knip-boom, nursery-trees, yield-efficiency, fruit-size, biennial-bearing |
| Abstract:
'Gloster' apple trees on 'M.9 EMLA' rootstock, raised in different ways in the nursery, were planted on a silty loam alluvial soil in Central Poland, in November 2000. One-year-old branched nursery trees served as a control. Two-year-old nursery trees with a one-year-old crown were obtained either from budding or from grafting. Both were trained in the nursery either by traditional heading or as Dutch “knip-boom” trees. Some trees from budding, which feathered in the 2nd year of nursery, were allowed to develop two-year-old crowns in the 3rd year. The standard spacing was 3.25 x 1.40 m. Part of the one-year-old trees were planted at a 1.0 m in-row spacing and part of the two-year-old trees, trained by traditional heading. were planted at a 2.0 m in-row spacing. At planting and after three years in the orchard, trees planted as one-year-olds were the smallest and those planted as two-year-olds with a two-year-old crown were the largest. Trees trained in the nursery by traditional heading surpassed the “knip-boom” trees in vigour, but not in cropping. Yield per tree in 2002 and for two years (2002-2003) was the highest from trees planted as two-year-olds with a two-year-old crown, and the lowest from trees planted as one-year-olds. In 2003, a higher yield was obtained from two-year-old trees, which were planted at 2 m in-row spacing than from similar trees planted at the standard 1.4 m spacing. The cumulative yield efficiency (YE) was higher for all types of two-year-old nursery trees than for one-year-old trees. | |
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