ISHS Acta Horticulturae 732: VIII International Symposium on Canopy, Rootstocks and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems
EARLY ORCHARD PERFORMANCE OF 'RUBIN' APPLE ON NINETEEN ROOTSTOCKS |
| Authors: | C. Piestrzeniewicz, A. Sadowski |
| Keywords: | vigour, spacing, yield, cropping efficiency, fruit size, suckers |
| Abstract:
Nineteen rootstocks were tested for 'Rubin' apple scion cultivar in a trial set up on a silty loam alluvial soil at Warsaw-Wilanów, Central Poland, in spring 2001. At planting, tree size of maiden trees, expressed by stem diameter, was the smallest on M.27, the Czech rootstocks J-TE-G and Unima, and on the Polish rootstocks No. 280, No. 629 and No. 387. The largest were trees on the Belorussian rootstock PB-4, Polish P22, Russian B491 and the Armenian rootstock Arm 18. Growth of trees in the orchard, indicated by the increase of TCSA for three years, was the weakest on No. 629, J-TE-G, No. 280, M.27, PB-4 and P59, followed by those on P22, No. 387, P63, P64, P65, Unima, B146 and P16. The rootstocks P66 and B491 produced more vigorous trees, and the most vigorous trees were produced on Arm 18, P62 and M.9 EMLA. In 2002, the highest yields, exceeding 1 kg per tree, were obtained on B491, P63, PB-4, P65 and P16, slightly lower yields were obtained on No. 629 or P22, while trees on Arm 18, M.27 and P62 had only a few fruits. In the 3rd year after planting (2003), a commercial crop was obtained on most of the rootstocks studied, with the highest yields on P63, P22, P65, P59 and P16 and the lowest yields on Arm 18 and P62. The cropping efficiency coefficient (CEC) for early bearing, calculated as the ratio of yield of two years (2002-2003) to the TCSA after the 3rd year, was the highest on P63, P59, P22, P65, PB-4, P16 and No. 629 and the lowest on P62, Arm 18 and M.9 EMLA. No significant differences in mean fruit mass were found in 2002; in 2003, the largest fruits were from trees on No. 387 and the smallest on P59. Suckers, recorded in autumn 2003, were the most numerous on Arm 18. No suckers were present on M.9 EMLA, P63 or P62, and very few were present on M.27, P65, No. 629, P66, P59, Unima, No. 387, PB-4, P64 or J-TE-G. | |
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