ISHS Acta Horticulturae 726: IV International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF LOCAL PISTACHIO GENOTYPES IN THE ISFAHAN PROVINCE |
| Author: | M. Pirmoradian |
| Keywords: | Pistacia vera, germplasm collection, Iran |
| Abstract:
Although different genotypes were available, and have been planted in the Isfahan province since many years ago, there was no complete information about them, so this research was carried out to identify the morphological and phenological characteristics of local pistachio genotypes in Isfahan pistachio production areas including, Zavareh, Naien, Borkhar, and Jarghoyeh between 2000 and 2003. To identify the genotype in the aforementioned areas some trees were selected, marked, and assigned a code, then according to IPGRI descriptor, at four stages of observation, the morphological and phenological characteristics of 31 local pistachio genotypes were noted and about 95 quantitative and qualitative characteristics of them were evaluated. The results of this study show that excepting two cases, other genotypes have long nut (Badami) and there are only two genotypes, one in the Borkhar region and the second in Jarghoyeh, which have a round shape (Fandoghi). Evaluation of other morphological characteristics showed a great variety in native pistachio genotypes of the Isfahan province. Some of those genotypes are economically worthless but some of them are not, and are of a very high quality. Even those with an unsuitable quality, because of a good adaptability and some hardiness to environmental stresses are useful for pistachio breeding programs. Among the studied genotypes, the morphological characteristics of the trees, branches, leaves, and fruits had some considerable differences and in phenological stages such as date of blooming, full bloom, start of embryo growing and ripening time of the fruits had a wide range. For example, start of blooming varied from 9-15 day and 11-18 day in Borkhar and Zavareh genotypes respectively. Some quantitative characteristics of nut including, suture opening and blank production had a wide range too. Suture opening was from 0% in ZV7 genotype and, 1.14% and 82.5% in SHG29 and SHG31 respectively. Blank production was 2.8 % in SHG24 and 56% in ZV14. | |
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