ISHS Acta Horticulturae 711: V International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture
COMMERCIALIZED CLOSED SYSTEMS WITH ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING FOR PLANT PRODUCTION |
| Authors: | T. Kozai, K. Ohyama, C. Chun |
| Keywords: | air conditioner, CO2 enrichment, environmental control, lamp, light, transplant |
| Abstract:
A ‘closed plant production system’ or simply a ‘closed system’ is defined in this article as a warehouse-like structure covered with opaque thermal insulators, in which ventilation is kept at a minimum, and artificial light is used as the sole light source for plant growth. Advantages of a closed system over a greenhouse for production of plants less than 30 mm in height include: 1) rapid and uniform growth of high quality plants, 2) high productivity per floor area partly due to the use of multi-shelves, 3) high utilization efficiencies of water and CO2 due to the minimized ventilation and recycling uses of water and CO2, 4) high light utilization efficiency of plants due to optimized temperature, PPF, CO2 concentration and water content of the substrate, and 5) virtually no heating cost requirement in winter even in northern countries due to its thermally insulated structure. Initial and operation costs per plant in closed systems are comparable to those in greenhouses. In 2005, the closed systems are used at 30 different locations in Japan for commercial production of transplants, herbal/medicinal plants and leafy vegetables, and at 10 different locations for research purposes. | |
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