ISHS Acta Horticulturae 692: II International Symposium on Biotechnology of Tropical and Subtropical Species
IN VITRO MORPHOGENESIS OF FIVE ORCHIDS |
| Authors: | W.C. Chang, J.T. Chen, C. Chang, Y. Chun Chen, Y.H. Lin, Y.J. Su, T.Y. Chen, M.C. Tseng, H.L. Kuo, I.F. Wu, C.M. Chueh |
| Abstract:
In vitro morphogenesis including somatic embryogenesis was studied in five orchids, Cymbidium, Epidendrum, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum and Phalaenopsis. 1) Sections of pseudobulbs, rhizomes and roots of Cymbidium ensifolium var. misericors were induced to formed totipotent calli on a modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and thidiazuron (TDZ). Subculturable calli formed embryoids on a modified MS medium supplemented with BA or TDZ. The embroids developed into rhizomes and, eventually, rhizomes produced normal plantlets. 2) Small transparent tissues formed from surface and cut ends of root, stem, leaf and flower-stalk intenodes of Epidendrum radicans on a modified 1/2-MS basal medium with or without thidiazuron (TDZ) after 1-2 weeks of culture. In light, the transparent tissues enlarged and turned into green organized masses on most of the explants. The organized masses with young protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) proliferated on a hormone-free basal medium, and TDZ promoted the proliferation rate. Normal plantlets converted from PLBs on the same TDZ-containing medium after 1 months of culture. 3) In Oncidium, embryogenic calli were induced in vitro by using root, stem, leaf and flower stalk internode as explants, and healthy plantlets were successfully obtained from the callus cultures. In addition, direct somatic embryogenesis was established by using leaf segments as explants on a modified 1/2-strength MS medium. 4) In Paphiopedilum, totipotent callus was induced from seed-derived protocorms. The calli were induced to form “globular granules”, and then these granules transformed into PLBs. Eventually, well-developed plantlets were obtained from these callus-derived PLBs. 5) For Phalaenopsis propagation, seed-derived protocorms were induced to formed callus. The “proembryo-like structures” were found on the surface of the callus before formation of PLBs, and these PLBs also could convert into well-developed plantlets. | |
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