ISHS Acta Horticulturae 664: IV International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION: MEASURING AND MODELING |
| Authors: | K. Tha Paw U, S. Wharton, J. Kochendorfer |
| Keywords: | Eddy-covariance, surface renewal, micrometeorology, turbulence, structure functions |
| Abstract:
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the hydrological budget. Direct ET measurements are difficult, except by residual hydrological balance, lysimetry or micrometeorological methods (which require extensive fetch). Other estimation methods are actually simple models, such as using reference ET estimates and then adjusting to actual ET using crop or ecosystem coefficients. Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, and Penman-Monteith reference ET estimates require meteorological data, and in addition a crop coefficient. Energy budget residuals based on eddy-covariance, surface renewal, and other micrometeorological techniques are some of the more complicated, indirect or inferential methods. More complicated models range from bulk transfer paradigms to advanced higher-order closure or Lagrangian descriptions of turbulent exchange. These methods are discussed, including the advantages and limitations expected for each method. Recommendations are given on some cutting edge as well as conventional methods. | |
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