ISHS Acta Horticulturae 662: VII International Symposium on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics
OCCURRENCE OF CROWN GALL OF STONE FRUITS IN WARMER AREAS OF INDIA AND ITS MANAGEMENT |
| Authors: | R.C. Sharma, B. Kamal, A.K. Gupta |
| Keywords: | Agrobacterium tumefaciens, crown gall, disease incidence, organic amendments, soil solarization |
| Abstract:
Crown gall is one of the most destructive diseases in stone fruits in warmer areas of India. The extensive surveys were conducted in Sirmour, Solan, Shimla, Kullu and Mandi districts of Himachal Pradesh during 2001-2002 to record the prevalence of crown gall disease in stone fruit nurseries. Peach and cherry rootstock Colt, were worst affected having maximum disease. Hundred per cent disease incidence was recorded on cherry at Palsehar in Mandi. Out of 15 samples collected from five districts, the bacterium could be isolated only from the three locations. After 3 days of streaking of suspension on yeast extract mannitol agar supplemented with Congo Red (500 ppm), colonies typically that of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were observed. All the three isolates collected produced typical galls on the tomato plants. Soil solarization with transparent polyethylene sheet in the nursery for 75 days reduced the disease incidence to 14.87 per cent. In the nursery, various soil amendments such as neem cake, mustard cake, pine + deodar needles and eucalyptus leaves were tested for their efficacy in reducing the disease. Mustard cake (1.5%) was most effective in reducing the incidence to 12.5 per cent and severity to 8.33 per cent as compared to control where 55.71 and 48.36 per cent disease incidence and severity were observed, respectively. Pre-planned applications of formaldehyde (4%) was most effective in controlling the disease. | |
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