ISHS Acta Horticulturae 658: I International Symposium on Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruit Tree Species
MAHALEB ROOTSTOCKS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT SCIENCE, BUDAPEST |
| Authors: | K. Hrotkó, L. Magyar |
| Keywords: | clonal rootstock, growth vigour, precocity, propagation, seedling, sour cherry, susceptibility to frost injury, sweet cherry, yield efficiency |
| Abstract:
Cherry rootstock breeding at the Department of Fruit Science, Budapest, in Hungary, following nursery and orchard trials, resulted in some Prunus mahaleb L. rootstock candidates for state agricultural quality control and release. Our paper introduces four promising rootstocks selected from this material: ’Korponay’ mahaleb used as a self-fertile seed tree, whose seedlings are recommended for sour cherries; ‘Egervar’ mahaleb for both sweet and sour cherries, and the vegetatively propagated ‘Bogdany’ and ’Magyar’ for sweet cherries. The seedling population of ‘Korponay’ seed trees is quite homogeneous; the leaves are large, elongated oval and the few long shoots of the seedlings are hairless. The bud take, growth and the proportion produced of first quality one-year-old trees in the nursery are good. The leaf fall in the nursery is early and the seedlings are less susceptible to early frost injury than SL 64. It is recommended as a rootstock for sour cherry varieties. The rootstock is precocious and reduces the vigour of the sour cherry trees by 20-30%. ’Bogdány’ is propagated by leafy cuttings. This mahaleb variety was discovered as a rootstock of a 50-year-old sweet cherry tree with a high yield capacity. The viability, bud take, growth and first quality ratio of one-year-old sweet cherry trees in the nursery is very good and the rootstock improves the feathering of nursery trees. The susceptibility of the rootstock to early frost injury in November is less than that of SL 64. The growth vigour of the rootstock is similar to SL 64. Mahaleb ’Egervar’ is propagated by leafy cuttings. The ungrafted mahaleb variety is a spur-type. Shoots are thick and hairy with small leaves. It has also been tested as a rootstock for sour and sweet cherries. The growth vigour is medium and trees on this rootstock are precocious and productive. ’Magyar’ is propagated by leafy cuttings. Branching of the plants is basitonial, shoots spread with a wide branching angle and it is recommended as a rootstock for sweet cherry cultivars. The rootstock reduces the vigour of the trees by 40%. Trees are precocious. The yield efficiency on this rootstock is increased by 15-30% compared to the trees on mazzard seedling. | |
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