ISHS Acta Horticulturae 658: I International Symposium on Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruit Tree Species
ROOTSTOCKS USED FOR FRUIT CROPS IN CHILE: AN OVERVIEW |
| Authors: | C. Sotomayor, J. Castro |
| Keywords: | Chilean fruit industry, Chilean fruit exports, native rootstock |
| Abstract:
The development of the Chilean fruit industry has been remarkable in the last 30 years. The fruit crop area currently planted is more than 210,000 ha, mainly in the north-central and central area of the country (between parallels 25º and 35º South latitude). The climate in this area is mild with well defined seasons and the area has a variety of soils, from clay to loam, as well as ones with sandy-loam texture. The Chilean fruit industry is based mainly on fresh fruit exports. Its income is approximately US $ 1,500 million per year. As measured by the number of boxes of fruit exported, the principal deciduous fruit crops in Chile are: Table Grapes, Apples, Kiwifruits, Plums, Pears, Nectarines, Peaches and Cherries. However, according to the surface area planted, the order of importance is: Table grapes, Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches, Kiwifruits, Walnuts, Nectarines, Almonds and Cherries. Almost all Chilean orchards are grafted on different rootstocks, except vineyards, which are generally propagated using own-rooted cuttings. The main rootstocks used nowadays by Chilean growers are: Apple: apple seedlings, MM-106, MM-111, M-9, M-4, M-26. Pear: pear seedlings, quince (Quince A), P. betulaefolia, P. calleryana. Peach and Nectarine: peach seedlings, Nemaguard, Chuche-Picudo (native peach selection), Nemared, GF-677. Plum and Prune: Marianna 2624, Myrobalan, Nemaguard. Cherry: Mericier, Mazzard, P. cerasus, P. mahaleb, Gisela. Kiwi: Hayward, Bruno. Walnut: J. regia, J. hindsii. Almond: Nemaguard, peach seedlings and Chuche-Picudo. | |
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