ISHS Acta Horticulturae 658: I International Symposium on Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruit Tree Species
GROWTH AND CROPPING OF THREE APPLE CULTIVARS ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS OVER A 7-YEAR PERIOD |
| Authors: | A. Sadowski, R. Dziuban, K. Jabłoński |
| Keywords: | planting density, budding height, tree size, yield, cropping efficiency, fruit size, suckering |
| Abstract:
The experiments were set up in autumn 1994 at the Warsaw-Wilanów Experiment Station on a very fertile, loamy, alluvial soil. Rootstocks studied with all three cultivars were: M.7, M.26 and four subclones of M.9 (EMLA, T337, T339, Burgmer 984) as well as the Polish rootstocks P 60, Nr 47 and P 22. In addition, for ’Jonagold’ and ’Fiesta’ the Russian (Budagovski) rootstocks B 9 and B 146 (57-146) and the Belarussian PB-4 (open-pollinated B 9 seedling) were tested, whereas for ’Holiday’ and ’Fiesta’ the Polish P 16 was included; M.27 was compared in combination with ’Holiday’ only. The effect of rootstock on tree growth varied with scion cultivar; nevertheless, trees on M.27, P 22, PB-4 and P 16 after 7 years attained the smallest TCSA, whereas trees on M.7 were the largest. Vigour of trees on different subclones of M.9 was similar, except for ’Fiesta’ on M.9 EMLA, which developed relatively small trees. Growth of trees on P 60 and Nr 47 (A 2 x B 9, sister of P 60) was similar to that on M.9. Trees of ’Holiday’ and ’Fiesta’ on M.26 were larger than similar trees on M.9, however, smaller than on M.7. Trees on B 146 showed a vigour level between P 22 or PB-4 and M.9. Cumulated yield (1996-2001) per tree was, to some extent, a function of tree size. However, trees on low-vigour rootstocks showed a higher cropping efficiency coefficient than trees on the semi-dwarfing rootstock M.7. In these experiments within-row spacing was adjusted according to the assumed tree vigour on a particular rootstock. Yields per unit area, calculated on the basis of planting density, were in general the highest for trees on M.9 or P 60. Yields per ha, calculated in the same way for trees on very dwarfing rootstocks, were lower, apparently due to underestimation of their dwarfing effect at the establishment of the experiments and hence planting at too wide spacing. Fruits from trees on the very dwarfing rootstocks M.27, P 22 and PB-4 usually tended to be smaller in size as indicated by their mean fruit weight. | |
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