ISHS Acta Horticulturae 653: IX International Symposium on Plant Bioregulators in Fruit Production
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN 'FUJI' APPLE CALLUS |
| Authors: | Z.H. Li, S. Sugaya, H. Gemma, S. Iwahori |
| Keywords: | apple skin, tissue culture, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone isomerase, UDP-3-O-glycosyltransferase |
| Abstract:
Calli induced from ‘Fuji’ apple pulp was used to determine the effect of calcium, nitrogen and phosphorus on anthocyanin synthesis. First, conditions for anthocyanin accumulation were optimized using untreated callus. Optimal condition set was exposure to UV + red light and the addition of 90 g/L sucrose only in an agar medium. Calli were sampled 2 to 10 days after treatment. To determine the effect of calcium, 10 mM and 50 mM calcium chloride was applied to the medium. Treatment with calcium increased anthocyanin accumulation, more with higher concentration. Anthocyanin accumulation was also enhanced with 10 mM potassium phosphate, but decreased subsequently as the concentration was increased. Nitrogen slightly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation at 10 mM, but decreased at 50 mM. On the other hand, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity showed no significant difference among the treatments. Increases in chalcone isomerase (CHI) activity were concomitant to increases in anthocyanin accumulation by calcium, 10 mM nitrogen and phosphorus treatments. UFGalT activity was also increased by treatments with nitrogen, 50 mM calcium, and 10 mM phosphorus, however, treatment with 10 mM calcium had no effect. | |
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