ISHS Acta Horticulturae 63: I International Symposium on Floriculture Plant Breeding and Genetics
THE INHERITANCE OF FLOWER PIGMENTS IN CALLISTEPHUS CHINENSIS |
| Author: | W.A. Guzewski |
| Abstract:
Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins were determined in 8 varieties of China aster (Callistephus chinensis), in their F1 hybrids, in bachcross and F2 progenies. The anthocyanidins were analyzed by TLC, and the anthocyanins by TLC and PC. Anthocyanin content was determined in 8 Polish varieties of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees.) and in F1 hybrids between the varieties, in their bachcrosses and in their F2 progenies. For the anthocyanidin analysis thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied. Glass-plates covered with MN-300 cellulose powder were used for TLC. The pigments were extracted from the flowers with 0.2 per cent HCl in methanol and the extracts were hydrolized and then applied on the chromatograms. The chromatograms were developed subsequently in 2 directions, the first solvent being formic acid, hydrochloric acid, water (10:1:3 v/v), and the second solvent being amyl alcohol, acetic acid, water (2:2:1 v/v). The anthocyanidins were identified according to their Rf values (table 1). There were only 3 anthocyanidins present, namely delphinidin (Dp), cyanidin (Cy) and pelargonidin (Pg). Distinguishing of the anthocyanidins is not difficult because their Rf values as well as the colors are rather different. For anthocyanin determination also TLC was used with direct application of flower extract on chromatograms. The chromatograms were run in two directions, the first in butanol, acetic acid, water (6:1:2 v/v), and the second in water, hydrochloric acid, formic acid (8:4:1 v/v). The results show that the analyzed China aster varieties contained mono- and diglucosides (figure 1, table 2). For complete identification of anthocyanins paper chromatography in 4 solvent systems was additionaly used, the solvents being BAW, BuHCl, 1% HCl and HoAcHCl (Harborne 1967). Rf values determined in the solvents were compared with the data of Harborne (1967). In addition, the anthocyanins were eluated from paper chromatograms and their absorption spectra was measured. The results obtained as far justify the conclusion that flower color of the varieties analyzed is determined by the following combinations of anthocyanins as shown in the figure 2. | |
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