ISHS Acta Horticulturae 620: XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Asian Plants with Unique Horticultural Potential: Genetic Resources, Cultural Practices, and Utilization
GENETIC RESOURCES OF ASIAN TEMPERATE FRUITS |
| Authors: | T. Sanada, Y. Sato |
| Keywords: | wild species, utilization, breeding materials, genebank, Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Vitis, Citrus, Ginkgo, Crataegus, Chaenomeles, Actinidia, Lonicera, Myrica, Hippophae, Rosa |
| Abstract:
China, Central Asia, Caucasia, and Asia Minor in Asia are thought to be the important regions of the origin of many major cultivated fruit trees including apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), peach, plum, cherry (Prunus), grape (Vitis), orange, and mandarin (Citrus). Tremendous numbers of wild species related to these fruit trees have been observed in Asia. They are very useful for further improvements of the major fruit trees. In addition, these wild types have been used for breeding disease resistance and for rootstocks. Many selected clones in different genera and species of the major fruit trees have been cultivated in Asian countries, and most of the fruits are usually used as processed foods. The following fruit trees are unique to temperate Asia: maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), yuzu (Citrus junos), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), Japanese apricot (Prunus mume), Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), tara vine (Actinidia arguta), honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea), bayberry (Myrica rubra), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), roxburgh rose (Rosa roxburghii). For the improvement and utilization of fruit trees, it is very important to establish the genebanks and recently, many have been established in Asian countries. In Japan, about 8,600 fruit trees have been preserved, and the evaluation and utilization have been promoted at the National Institute of Agrobiological Science (NIAS) genebank. | |
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