ISHS Acta Horticulturae 619: XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Potatoes, Healthy Food for Humanity: International Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization
MICROPROPAGATION TECHNOLOGY IN EARLY PHASES OF COMMERCIAL SEED POTATO PRODUCTION |
| Authors: | K. Pruski, P.C. Struik, J. Nowak |
| Keywords: | Solanum tuberosum L., in vitro plantlet, microtubers, minitubers, jasmonates |
| Abstract:
Research was carried out on possibilities to improve methods commonly used in commercial potato tissue culture laboratories, predominantly those in Western Canada. The study included: (1) Photoautotrophic micropropagation, (2) Short-term, low temperature (< 12 weeks) storage of plantlets, (3) Production of microtubers (in vitro tubers) and (4) Utilization of microtubers in greenhouse production of minitubers and Pre-elite tubers in the field. Effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and photoperiod on in vitro tuberization were also tested. Performance of microtubers in production of nuclear (greenhouse) Pre-elite tubers was compared with the industry standard, in vitro plantlets. Six commercial cultivars, ‘Amisk’, ‘Atlantic’, ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Sangre’, ‘Shepody’ and ‘Umatilla Russet’, were used in the studies. Potato plantlets produced photoautotrophically were either of the same quality or better than conventional cultures. The conventional cultures benefited from CO2 enrichment, over a 4 week period, by a 20% increase in number of nodes and a 50% increase in stem dry weight. Cultures stored for up to 12 weeks in a cold room (4°C) on media containing 30 g•L-1 sucrose under continuous, low red light (690 nm) at 3 µmol•m-2.s-1 PPFD maintained high quality, vigor and re-growth capacity. Significantly better production of microtubers (more tubers and weight) was observed on solid agar than on liquid media, under the 8 h photoperiod (SD) compared to no light. Microtubers produced under SD performed better in the field or in the greenhouse than microtubers produced in dark. In most studies, JA conditioned plantlets produced more uniform and larger microtubers, especially under short days conditions (8 h light). Production of microtubers in all three russet varieties tested was superior to that of Shepody and Atlantic. Results with pretreatment of JA in the field production of Pre-elite tubers were inconclusive. Microtubers of russet varieties performed the best and can be recommended for greenhouse production of minitubers but not for direct use in the field. | |
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