ISHS Acta Horticulturae 610: V International Symposium on Kiwifruit
FIRST OBSERVATIONS OF A WOOD DECAY (ESCA-LIKE DISEASE) ON KIWIFRUIT IN FRANCE |
| Authors: | B. Hennion, P. Lecomte, P. Larignon, A. Baudry, M.P. Durpaire, M. Mouillon, J.L. Tailleur, O. Dupuy |
| Keywords: | Actinidia deliciosa, disease, Phaeoacremonium spp., Phomopsis sp., Botryosphaeria obtusa, inflating trunks. |
| Abstract:
The incidence of diseases and pests has been very low in French kiwifruit vineyards with the exception of Phytophthora in hydromorph soils and mainly Botrytis cinerea in cold storage. Recently, thre are major concerns because of insect infestations such as Metcalfa pruinosa and a fungal decay, an Esca-like disease. This Esca-like disease has been noticed first in two vineyards in south west France (64) and also in the island of Corsica. Diseased vines show reduced vigour, sometimes necrotics spots on foliage, and inflating parts of vine trunk or arms. Longitudinal sections of these parts revealed presence of two types of necrosis in the wood: a) hard, brown decay initiating in the medular tissues and expanding gradually in the entire trunk or branches and b) white and soft decay like "amadou wood" of grape vine. Isolations from necrotic parts of wood revealed a number of fungi, including Phaeoacremonuium spp. Phaeoacremonuium spp have been reported to be responsible for wood decay of grapevine (Larignon and Dubos, 1997). To evaluate the economic importance of the Esca-like disease, a national survey was completed in French kiwifruit vineyards in 2001. Only a few vineyards showed >10 % infected vines, but the survey has been based only on visual symptoms. It may be possible that a greater number of vines are symptomless carriers of the disease. | |
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