ISHS Acta Horticulturae 585: VIII International Rubus and Ribes Symposium
ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN DIVERSE RIBES AND RUBUS GERMPLASM |
| Authors: | R. Moyer, K. Hummer, R.E. Wrolstad, C. Finn |
| Keywords: | black raspberries, blackberries, blackcurrants, gooseberries, jostaberries, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus ursinus, Ribes nigrum, phenolic compounds, oxygen radical absorbing capacity, ORAC, anthocyanin |
| Abstract:
The high antioxidant content of berry crops provides possible health benefits such as reduction of coronary heart disease, improved visual acuity, anti-viral and anti-cancer activity. Our objective was to determine the range of total anthocyanin content (ACY), total phenolic content (TPH) and antioxidant capacity in diverse species and cultivar germplasm of dark fruited currants and gooseberries, Ribes L., and blackberries and black raspberries (Rubus L.). Ripe fruit was harvested from 22 June 2000 to 15 September 2000 from 45 berry genotypes growing in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. The fruit was hand-picked, stored on ice in the field, and frozen at –23oC in the laboratory that same afternoon. ACY was determined by the pH differential method. Anthocyanin pigments were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). TPH was determined via the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant capacity was measured by oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC). ACY for Ribes nigrum L. cultivars ranged from 128 to 411 mg ACY/100g fruit; for blackberries (Rubus hybrid) from 94 to 230 mg ACY/100g fruit; for black raspberries (Rubus niveus Thunb., R. occidentalis L., and R. leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray) from 230 to 627 mg ACY/100g fruit. Some blackcurrants were rich sources of ACY, TPH, and ORAC though gooseberries and jostaberries were not as rich as blackcurrants. Ribes valdivianum Phil., a Chilean native, had the highest TPH (1790 mg gallic acid/100g fruit) and ORAC 115 μmol trolox equivalents/1g fruit, and R. occidentalis cv. Munger had the highest ACY (627 mg ACY/100g ) of all tested Ribes and Rubus genotypes. Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schldl. hybrid ‘Marion’ had the highest blackberry ACY (230 mg ACY/100g). ACY was highly correlated to TPH and ORAC in Rubus and Ribes. We suspect that other antioxidant compounds, such as Vitamin C, compose a significant part of TPH and antioxidant capacity in Ribes. Rubus and Ribes genotypes contain much higher ACY, TPH, and antioxidant capacities than are found in most other fruits and vegetables. | |
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