ISHS Acta Horticulturae 577: VII International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology
THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PRUNUS GENUS INTO THE SUBCARPATHIAN AREA OF OLTENIA-ROMANIA AND THE VALUE FOR BREEDING |
| Authors: | I. Botu, E. Turcu, S. Preda, G. Achim, M. Botu |
| Keywords: | genetic diversity, Prunus, plum |
| Abstract:
Into the spontaneous and cultivated flora of the subcarpathian area of Oltenia (Romania), the Prunus genus is strongly represented by the following species: P. domestica, P. insititia, P. cerasifera, P. spinosa, P. sylvestris, P. cerasus, P. persica, etc. From those species, during time, cultivars and autochthonous biotypes were formed as result of intra and interspecific hybridization. Most of these cultivars and biotypes were identified, clonally propagated and introduced into the germplasm collection, were evaluated and used for breeding during 1972-2000 period (P. domestica - 28 genotypes, P. insititia - 37, P. cerasifera - 27 and P. spinosa - 4). This autochthonous genetic material is strongly affected by the genetic erosion and vulnerability being threat with disappearance. The delimitation of the material function on the genetic origin and the maintaining of their integrality into farms are difficult because are propagated through seeds and are exposed to the allogamic effect. The accumulation of complex genetic potentials into this biological material assures value as genetic resources and initial material for breeding. During evaluation of the autochthonous biological material some dominant characteristics came out from the majority of accessions: high combining capacity, self-fertility (between 10-32%) of the majority of the accessions, high productivity, some are tolerant to PPV, good adaptability to heavy soils (clay soils) and thin soils, some have high content of dry matter (over 20 %), small fruit (12-30g) and late ripening, etc. Being well adapted to the ecological conditions which are specific to this zone, they were used on a large scale for obtaining rootstocks for the European plum cultivars (different growth vigor, good clonal propagation capacity and through seeds, compatibility with the majority of cultivars, etc.). | |
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