ISHS Acta Horticulturae 560: IV International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding
IN VITRO FORMATION OF ADVENTITIOUS MERISTEM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR MUTATION BREEDING OF DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORA TZVELEV |
| Author: | M. Zalewska |
| Keywords: | Dendranthema, leaf explants, adventitious shoots, mutation breeding |
| Abstract:
The object of this study was Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev ‘Red Nero’. Anatomical investigation was conducted to explore the formation of adventitious meristem on leaf explants. Meristem centres, from which the adventious shoots originate had developed from subepidermal or deeper-located parenchymal cells or via callus. There were observed some dedifferentiation and directional divisions of epidermis occasionally, which could suggest a possibility of the direct organogenesis from epidermal cells. The leaf explants derived from previously regenerated shoot tips were used as target for mutation in vitro. Gamma rays in dose of 20 Gy were applied. The induction of mutation by irradiation of leaf explants showed to be very effective. A high frequency of the stable mutants was observed. The mutation affected the colour and number of inflorescences, number of ligulate florets and the shape of leaves. All the changes which occurred in the vM1 generation reoccurred in the vM2 and vM3 generations. All that shows that the application of leaf explants for in vitro propagation is a fully guaranteed way to obtain entirely genetically stable forms in chrysantemum breeding. | |
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