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| Authors: | A.D. Webster, K. Tobutt |
| Keywords: | Apple rootstock, HRI-East Malling |
Abstract:
Horticulture Research International (previously East Malling Research Station) is well known throughout the world for the rootstocks it has bred and selected for apples.
Between 1914 and the late 1960s, rootstocks providing a range of vigour control or resistance to the woolly apple aphid (Eriosima langerum) were produced.
Of this range, M.27, M.9, M.26, MM.106 and MM.111 are still used widely throughout the world.
Apple rootstock breeding and selection continues at HRI-East Malling with the following objectives:
- To select a rootstock of similar vigour to MM.106 but which is resistant to collar rot (Phytophthora cactorum).
- To select a rootstock of similar vigour to M.26 but which produces no burr knots and which induces increased yield efficiency.
- To select a rootstock of similar vigour to M.9 but which is easier to propagate and better anchored.
- To select a rootstock of intermediate vigour between M.27 and M.9.
- To select a rootstock of similar vigour to M.27 but which induces larger fruit size in the scion.
In addition to the above major objectives, new rootstocks satisfying the differing requirements of apple growers in other parts of the world are sought.
Of particular interest are dwarfing rootstocks with resistance to fireblight, winter cold injury and to woolly apple aphid.
Consumers and marketers in many parts of Europe are seeking apples produced organically or with use of only the minimum of agrochemicals.
This trend in production methods could result in the reduced or nil use of many herbicides currently used and also the withdrawal of soil fumigants.
Reduced availability of water for irrigation may be a consequence of global warming, climate change and increased urban demand for limited water resources in some apple production areas.
Apple rootstocks will be required which, as well as dwarfing scions and improving yield efficiency and fruit quality, are also resistant to soil borne pathogens, including those responsible for specific replant disease, and which are able to tolerate transient drought conditions.
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