ISHS Acta Horticulturae 550: XVIII International Symposium on Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops - Top Fruit Diseases
IMPROVED DETECTION OF VIRUSES AND PHYTOPLASMAS IN FRUIT TREE TISSUE CULTURES |
| Authors: | M. Laimer da Māchado, M. Heinrich, V. Hanzer, W. Arthofer, S. Strommer, S. Paltrinieri, M. Martini, A. Bertaccini, J. Kummert, D. Davies |
| Keywords: | In vitro culture, Broad spectrum and specific assays, Pathogen-indexing in vitro, Malus, Prunus |
| Abstract:
Pathogen-infected in vitro germplasm collections of fruit tree species have been established for viruses and phytoplasmas to be worked in parallel by diagnostic and in vitro culture approaches. Broad and specific assays using molecular techniques for virus and phytoplasma detection were applied. The ubiquitous group of filamentous viruses in fruit trees Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) as well as the isometric or bacilliform viruses Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) were detected. Phytoplasmas of the apple proliferation group (16SrX) associated with pear decline, European stone fruit yellows (apricot chlorotic leaf roll and plum leptonecrosis) were also identified. From traditional sanitation programmes it is well known that elimination measures may reduce the pathogen titer below the threshold of detection. In this case serodiagnostics currently in use are of little value for early screening and the new, sensitive detection techniques developed for in vivo application could give more reliable results. A selection of tests for validation of such techniques on in vitro material are reported. Micropropagated material deriving from elimination procedures, such as meristem culture, heat therapy, tetracycline treatment and combinations thereof, have been tested. Several detection assays were compared with the aim to shorten the indexing period and the number of tests. | |
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