ISHS Acta Horticulturae 55: IV Symposium on Horticultural Economics
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ECONOMICS OF LARGE-SCALE VINEYARD PRODUCTION IN CROATIA (YUGOSLAVIA) |
| Author: | O. Pancer |
| Abstract:
In the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia natural conditions for vine-growing are very favourable and viticulture is an important enterprise in the country. In 1972 Yugoslavia ranked tenth of all countries in the world in area of vineyards, ninth in quantity of grapes produces, tenth in quantity of wine produced, and thirteenth in grape yields per hectare. Croatia has nearly one third of the total vineland of the country. In Croatia individual peasants' smallholdings cover approx. 80,000 hectares, mostly in small sized and scattered vineyards. They are mainly producers of multi-purpose grape varieties, producing grapes and wine more for their own needs than for the market. Yields were 4,720 kilogrammes of grapes per hectare in 1970 and 4,364 kilogrammes in 1971. Large-scale enterprises produced on average 6,435 kilogrammes of grapes per hectare, from 4,006 hectares of vineland in 1970, and 6,684 kilogrammes from 3,890 hectares in 1971. Before 1950 these large-scale enterprises were called "state farms" and, in the period of self-administration, "social enterprises". The majority of them are agricultural-industrial combinations, called "Poljoprivredno-industrijski kombinat", shortened to "PIK". Experience generally in the country has shown the technical and economic advantages of large-scale farming, both in agriculture and horticulture. Therefore, mainly since 1959, there has been an endeavour towards a considerable increase in the establishment of up-to-date types of large-scale vineyards mostly in the "kombinats". Old plantations, where yields were declining, have been abandoned. The economics of viticulture of two “kombinats” in Croatia have been under investigation. The first one is the "PIK Vukovar"2, in the eastern plain, close to the river | |
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