ISHS Acta Horticulturae 542: VII International Symposium on the Processing Tomato
NEW WEED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN PROCESSING TOMATOES |
| Authors: | R.J. Mullen, J. Caprile, T.C. Viss, M. Rego, D. Brunmeier, C. Cancilla, C.J. Rivara |
| Abstract:
During the 1998 and 1999 processing tomato seasons, eleven weed management trials were conducted in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California, involving both preemergence and postemergence treatments for control of Solanum, Cyperus, and other species. Herbicides evaluated for preemergence weed control included rimsulfuron (0.035 kg/ha), halosulfuron (0.035 kg/ha and 0.09 kg/ha), carfentrazone (0.11 kg/ha), metolachlor (1.42–1.78 kg/ha), and napropamide (2.24 kg/ha). Materials examined for postemergence weed management were rimsulfuron (0.018–0.07 kg/ha), halosulfuron (0.026–0.07 kg/ha) and metribuzin (0.14–0.34 kg/ha). In preemergence studies, shallow mechanical or sprinkler incorporation of rimsulfuron or a new formulation of metolachlor provided excellent Solanum control with high crop yields. Metolachlor and halosulfuron show good activity on Cyperus esculentus. Combining rimsulfuron with napropamide or pebulate (mechanically incorporated) in preplant applications helps prevent weed resistance. Sequential postemergence treatments of rimsulfuron plus crop oil concentrate gave the best weed control and crop safety using 0.018 kg/ha at first true leaf tomatoes and cotyledon/first true leaf Solanum, followed by 0.018 kg/ha or 0.035 kg/ha application a week later. Halosulfuron plus X-77 showed considerable postemergence crop injury on young, direct-seeded, furrow-irrigated tomatoes. Trial work involving two rates of rimsulfuron and six different adjuvants, applied postemergence at two crop growth stages, showed best crop safety and Solanum control using adjuvants Herbimax and Hasten; Quad 7, Silwet L-77, and Cohort DC proved less crop safe. Halosulfuron plus X-77 in another postemergence trial on 20–25 cm tall transplant tomatoes and 3–6 true leaf Cyperus esculentus gave excellent weed control, crop safety, and yield. | |
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