ISHS Acta Horticulturae 528: VII International Symposium on Grapevine Genetics and Breeding
GENOTYPE INFLUENCE ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN GRAPEVINE ANTHER AND LEAF CULTURES |
| Authors: | I. Gribaudo, R. Vallania, T. Franks, M.L. Miaja, M. Thomas |
| Keywords: | Vitis vinifera, Vitis rupestris, regeneration, callus |
| Abstract:
Within the genus Vitis regenerative competence seems to be related to the genotype. In this work, the regenerative potential of 18 Italian and international grape cultivars has been investigated, using both anther and leaf cultures. Cultures were initiated from immature anthers of V, vinifera cvs Arneis, Barbera, Bosco, Brachetto, Chardonnay, Dolcetto, Erbaluce, Freisa, Grignolino, Lumassina, Moscato, Nebbiolo, Vermentino, and on V. rupestris du Lot. Leaf fragments from micropropagated plants of cvs Barbera, Brachetto, Favorita, Freisa, Grignolino, Moscato, Nebbiolo, Perlette, Petit Rouge, and Thompson Seedless, were also used as explants. For anther cultures two media were tested (medium A: Nitsch and Nitsch medium (NN) + 60 gl-1 sucrose, 3 gl-1 Phytagel, 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 8.9 μM BAP; medium B: NN + 20 gl-1 sucrose, 8 gl-1 Gelrite, 9 μM 2,4-D and 4.4 μM BAP). Leaves were cultured on a NN medium with 30 gl-1 sucrose, 7 gl-1 agar, 5 &M 2,4-D and 4.8 μM 4PU. About one third of the cultured anthers produced callus, and somatic embryogenesis was obtained in 10 of the 14 tested cultivars. The average percentage of anther-derived calli, which were embryogenic, varied between 1.3% (Dolcetto) and 17.3% (V. rupestris du Lot). Medium A stimulated embryogenesis more efficiently than medium B. Of the leaf cultures, only cv Barbera produced embryogenic callus in 11% of the cultured explants. It was possible to obtain embryo-derived plantlets from cultures initiated from either anthers or leaves, and the embryogenic calli were maintained through periodic subcultures. The embryogenic callus cultures that were obtained are suitable material for genetic transformation experiments, which are currently being carried out. | |
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