ISHS Acta Horticulturae 528: VII International Symposium on Grapevine Genetics and Breeding
THE KARYOTYPE OF GRAPEVINE (Vitis vinifera L.) |
| Authors: | H.U. Haas, G. Alleweldt |
| Keywords: | Vitis vinifera L., fluorescent in situ hybridization, nucleolus organizing regions, chromosomes, karyotype |
| Abstract:
Cytogenetic studies of grapevine pro-metaphase chromosomes were carried out with root tip chromosomes from V. vinifera cv. Bacchus (2n=38). Plants were grown in vitro and root tip preparation was performed by squash and drop techniques. By dropping chromosomes on frozen slides, the shape of the chromosomes was less affected than by squash technique. Chromosome length (1.09 μm to 2.37 μm) was measured by using a high precision microscope together with a computer based image analysis system. According to their length the chromosomes were sorted and numbered for identification from 1 to 19. At chromosome 1 and 3 a secondary constriction was detected but only one pair of satellite chromosomes (no.1) could be marked by silver staining of the nucleolus organizing regions. Further differentiation of the chromosomes was possible by using specific DNA fragments for in situ hybridization. The application of this marker technique enabled the detection of the satellite chromosomes (1) and a second pair of chromosomes (16) by using the rDNA probe pTA71. Another pair of chromosomes (10) was detected and separated from the others with the 5S-rDNA probe. The genetic constitution of V. vinifera is discussed with regard to chromosome fragment loss and Robertsonian translocation. It is concluded that the presented cytogenetic methods enable further phylogenetic studies and physical gene mapping at the Vitis genome. | |
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