ISHS Acta Horticulturae 526: V International Symposium on Grapevine Physiology
EFFECT OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND ION TRANSPORT OF GRAPEVINE |
| Authors: | E. Miklós, L. Erdei |
| Keywords: | Cd toxicity, grapevine variety, ion transport |
| Abstract:
The effects of cadmium on rooted cutting of two different types of grapevine (Vitis viniferia L.) varieties cv. Leányka and Ezerjó were examined by adding 0–0.5–1.0–5–10 ppm Cd (CdCl2) to the nutrient solution. Cd depressed plant growth, especially that of the roots. At higher Cd concentration (>1 ppm) growth of cv. Leányka was inhibited considerably and white spots on the leaves indicated the damage of the photosynthetic apparatus. The shoot growth of Ezerjó was slightly affected by Cd treatments. Cd concentration was 120–300 times higher in the roots (1000–6000 μg/gdw) than in the leaves (3–33 μg/gdw.). Leányka accumulated two to fourfold more Cd in the roots than Ezerjó and leaf Cd levels were higher in Leányka by 40–60 %. The main target of the effect of Cd on ion transport was the root system, because the high Cd concentration accumulated. Regarding the macronutrients, significant change was observed in the roots, except nitrogen. Plant nitrogen levels practically were not affected by Cd. Phosphorus translocation was stimulated at low external Cd concentration (<1 ppm), and P uptake was inhibited at higher Cd levels. Potassium, calcium and magnesium transport was influenced above 1 ppm Cd supply, while K concentration in the root sharply decreased from about 6 % of the control plant to 3,8 % (Ezerjó) and 2,3 % (Leányka) at 5 ppm Cd. Leaf K levels were not changed (Leányka) or increased (Ezerjó) probably because of the damage of the K transport system. Calcium and magnesium levels increased in the roots as K concentration decreased, but their translocation to the shoot was inhibited as reflected by decreasing leaf Ca and Mg concentrations. | |
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