ISHS Acta Horticulturae 525: International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production
DEVELOPMENTS OF INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION IN HUNGARY |
| Authors: | P. Sallai, J. Lantos, M. Molnár, I. Kajati, T. Bubán, F. Inántsy, I. Eke |
| Keywords: | IPM, evaluation method, regulation, environmental impact, pesticide, apple, label |
| Abstract:
Integrated plant protection has been carried out on a 15 ha traditional apple orchard at the Research Centre, Ujfehértó since 1992 for demonstration purposes. The wide range of pests and diseases of this region are determined by the continental climate and may be controlled by ‘green’ or ‘yellow’ pesticides marketed in Hungary. Amongst the beneficials, Zetzellia mali, Aphelinus mali, Stethorus punctillum, Holcothorax testaceipes and Apantheles spp. are present in yearly varying densities. A complex index system was developed for the evaluation of the environmental impact of pesticides and plant protection technologies, taking into account human and environmental toxicology data of pesticides. Potential impacts of farmer, consumer and treated area are demonstrated on practical examples. The IPM technology was compared to a conventional one carried out at the same place in 1997. The comparison was favourable for the IPM technology, in terms of the amount of pesticide used (20%), in active ingredient (9%), and in potential impact of farmer, consumer and environment (20–28%). The direct costs of chemicals used in IPM and in conventional technologies and comparable. The improvement is very significant for insecticide treatments (18–45%). The direct costs of chemicals used in IPM and in conventional technologies are comparable. The implementation of IFP principles requires the active contribution of all those involved. Government provides institutional background for IPM, but market conditions are not favourable for conventional orchards. Labelling of healthy apples has started. About 200–300 farmers get direct information on IFP every year. Approximately 3000 hectares of new plantations will use the IPM technology in the near future. Due to continuous demonstrations to farmers, the number of "red" treatments are decreasing on the conventional sprayed s orchards too. Further marketing is required to increase the demand of consumers for the healthy fruit. | |
Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files) | |
