ISHS Acta Horticulturae 494: II International Symposium on Chestnut
RESULTS OF THE FIRST CONTROLLED CROSSES IN EUROPEAN CHESTNUT IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC |
| Authors: | M. Bolvansky, L. Mendel |
| Keywords: | Castanea sativa, Castanea crenata, direct effect of pollen, progeny, tree and fruit characteristics |
| Abstract:
The first controlled intra- and interspecific crosses were carried out during 1981 – 1984 with the aim to reveal the direct effect of pollen parent on fruit set and some fruit characteristics as well as to analyse progenies derived from these crosses. Four female and six male parental trees of European chestnut (Castanea sativa), one male parent of Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and one hybrid male parent (C. crenata x C. sativa) were included in mating without reciprocal crosses. The two last mentioned male parents and a variety of European chestnuts were used only in 1982 when threir pollen was imported from Pontevedra, Spain. The direct effect of the male parent on both bur and fruit set as well as on fruit size and fruit shape was not statistically proven with exception of particular combinations demonstrated with higher fruit set and bigger fruits (specific intercompatibility and xenia). Nuts derived from both controlled crosses and open pollination during 1981 and 1982 were used for the production of seedlings, which were planted on the experimental plot. Interspecific hybrids (C. sativa x C. crenata) showed distinct precocious flowering and fruiting and the ratio of the seedlings bearing fruits at age of 5 years was in interspecific hybrids three times higher than in intraspecific hybrids. Interspecific hybrids compared with intraspecific ones deriving from the same female parent show earlier fruit ripening, higher bur and fruit set, very few or no pellicle intrusions to the nut kernel but higher ratio of multiseeded nuts. Also in progenies derived from intraspecific crosses, the influence of male parents on some fruit characteristics (size, shape, colour) and phenological characteristics (beginning of flowering and fruit ripening) was recorded. | |
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