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| Authors: | P. Sass, Z. Lakner |
Abstract:
Numerous apple cultivars have been tested in parallel with traditional ‘Jonathan’ cultivars during four years, 1990–1994, in three different geographical regions of Hungary.
Picking took place at three different times in each year: ten days before the predicted optimal picking time, at close-to-optimal picking time, and ten days after the optimal picking time.
The effects of storage have been tested in February, March, and April under conditions approximating semi-industrial storage
- Analysis of variance methods allowed us to determine the effects of various factors on the physical and chemical properties of fruits.
Comparison of the main factors (year, place of cultivation, cultivar, picking time), and their combination on sum of squares of the various fruit properties studied, showed that the effect of cultivar is expressed to a lesser degree at picking time than after a period of storage.
This phenomenon can be seen for example in a breakdown of the various factors involved in variance of soluble solid content/acid content ratio.
- Compared with standard ‘Jonathan’, the modern ‘Jonathan’-derived cultivar ‘Jonathan M41’ has shown a higher soluble solid/acid content ratio after storage.
This ratio was also rather high with ‘Redspur Delicious’ and ‘Smoothee’.
- In analysing the basis of various losses and physiological diseases, it is obvious that weight loss is a critical element.
With ‘Jonee’ the earlier picking date was associated with a considerably greater weight loss.
The effect of cultivar on weight loss was not so important.
With the two ‘Jonathan’-type cultivars, Jonathan spot was a rather important physiological disease.
Later picking times were associated with a higher frequency of Jonathan spot.
At optimal date of harvest with ‘Jonee’, the frequency of Jonathan spot was lower than with ‘Jonathan M 41’. The incidence of scald was rather low in both ‘Jonathan M41’ and ‘Jonee’, but much higher with ‘Wellspur Delicious’ and ‘Smoothee’. With ‘Smoothee’ the earlier picking time was associated with a considerably increased probability of scald occurrence.
Bitter pit and breakdown were of minor importance with these two cultivars, but of much more significance with ‘Redspur Delicious’.
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