ISHS Acta Horticulturae 447: III International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding
PREREQUISITES FOR HIGH FREQUENCY GERMINATION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF VITIS VINIFERA |
| Authors: | Ilse A. Trautmann, P. Burger |
| Keywords: | Tissue culture, embryogenesis, table grapes, Sultanina, Muscat Seedless, Muscat Seedless X Centennial Seedless |
| Abstract:
In this study the initiation and establishment of somatic embryogenesis systems to be used in transformation and selection techniques aimed at improving existing table grape cultivars and breeding new ones, were investigated. A suitable protocol for the initiation and further development of somatic embryos of Sultanina, Muscat Seedless and offspring of a Muscat Seedless X Centennial Seedless cross was developed. Immature in vitro cultured leaves were grown on initiation medium and developed into callus cultures. After 5 months pro-embryogenic masses were visible. After 30 days on development medium, various stages of embryo development were recorded. Cold treatment for 5 days at 4°C proved to be a prerequisite for embryo germination and development of Sultanina. The Bouquet medium in combination with 5 days at 4°C resulted in more than 50% germination. This medium, having a higher amino acid and lower sucrose content than the MS medium, supported better germination. A decrease in sucrose concentration (10 – 15 g/l) had a positive effect on germination of all three genotypes and should be regarded as an important prerequisite for germination. Somatic plantlets were acclimatized to glasshouse conditions and developed normally. | |
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