ISHS Acta Horticulturae 433: I International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae
NUMBER OF CLOVES PER BULB; SELECTION CRITERIA FOR GARLIC IMPROVEMENT. II. RESULTS WITH "TAIWAN" TYPE |
| Authors: | A. Zepeda, E. Garcia, J.&e.; A. Laborde |
| Keywords: | Allium sativum, clone selection, breeding, ajo, México |
| Abstract:
In just a few cycles of selection, using number of cloves per bulb (CPB) as main selection criteria in "Taiwan" type garlic, reduction was more than desired (2.55 CPB), so the procedure previously used for "Chileno" type was modified. From the original "Taiwan" population, only bulbs with less CPB than the average of the original population were selected during the three first cycles of selection. From the fourth to sixth cycles individual selections were made, from bulbs with higher CPB than the preceding generation but only if clove size did not show any reduction. In this way the two main quality components, yield and clove size, were fixed simultaneously. After six selection cycles and two years of yield trials, most promising selections show average of 10 to 14 CPB with yields as high as 41.4 ton/ha. Response to bulb size was dramatic. In big bulbs; (Colossal >71 mm.) and (Jumbo 57–70 mm), selections were 85% and 48% superior to original "Taiwan" population. In medium size bulbs (Gigante 43–56 mm) no differences were noticed, but in small bulbs (Flor 27–42 mm) "Taiwan" always have more (50%) than the selections. There are significant differences in emergence, height of plant, and bulb shelf life in eight of the selections as to justify them as new varieties. "Tacátzcuaro", "Tinguindin", "Tocumbo", "Texcoco", "Huerteño", "Chapingo-94", "INIFAP-94" and "Celayense" were released to the growers in September 1993. Suggestions for a successful Garlic Breeding Program are provided. | |
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