ISHS Acta Horticulturae 423: II Workshop on Pollination
FLOWERING PHENOLOGY IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES APPLE, PEAR, PLUM AND CHERRY |
| Author: | H. Kemp |
| Abstract:
In this overview, the flowering periods of several apple, pear, plum, sweet and sour cherry cultivars are summarized. Table 1 gives the data arranged by the years of observation. The data have been collected by research institutes belonging to the International Working Group on Pollination (plus 2 other Italian stations) spread over 7 European countries. In general, Table 1 gives the dates of begin of flowering, full bloom and end of flowering, together with the country and institute (abbreviations, see: Pollination results of apple, Malus, pear, plum and cherry of the International Working Group on Pollination; this volume), and years of observation. The list can be used as a help for questions on overlap of flowering periods. Together with data on pollen (in)compatibility (also given in this volume), the overlap of flowering periods determines the (im)possibilities of certain cultivar combinations in practical orchards. As appears from Table 1, with each couple of cultivars in every country (small) differences between overlap can occur. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the flowering periods per country/region, too. Blasse (1991, 1992, 1993, 1993) and Kolbe (1976) have published useful overviews of flowering phenology, temperature and picking period for different pit and stone fruit crops. Overviews of flowering phenology of cherry cultivars (Vittrup Christensen) and plum cultivars (Szabó) are also given in this volume. Comprehensive studies on relations between temperature, flowering date and apple growing potentials in Europe have been made by Kronenberg (1979, 1983, 1985, 1989). | |
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