ISHS Acta Horticulturae 422: International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production
EFFICACY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI AGAINST LEAFROLLERS IN EMILIA-ROMAGNA |
| Author: | E. PASQUALINI |
| Abstract:
The main species of leafrollers present on apple and pear orchards in Emilia-Romagna are: Pandemis cerasana (Hb.), Archips podana (Scop.), and Argyrotaenia pulchellana (Hw.). The first two species overwinter as young larvae and complete two and three generations per year respectively. The third hibernates as a pupae and completes three generations. The larvae feed on leaves and fruit, producing highly visible, deep lesions. By and large control is based on the use of organo-phosphoric active ingredients (e. i. azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos, etc.), but Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) is also widely employed. It is mainly recommended to effect treatment against the first-larval generation, based on the capture of adults in sexual traps (15 for P. Cerasana, 30 for A. podanus in two weeks and 50 for A. pulchellana per generation) A threshold value of 5% of shoots attacked is also used to decide if to take action against the larvae. The species on which this experiment was carried out - P. cerasana - is the most dangerous one. Our research had the aim of comparing the effectiveness of preparations base on B.t.k., available at present or in the future, with that of certain synthetic products. | |
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