ISHS Acta Horticulturae 422: International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production
RESULTS OF LARGE-SCALE RELEASES OF PREDATORY PHYTOSEIID MITE, TYPHLODROMUS PYRI, AN OP-RESISTANT POPULATION MIKULOV, IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTH TYROL AND FRANCE. |
| Authors: | M. Hluchý, M. Zacharda, P. Gradt |
| Abstract:
To date, the predatory phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten has become one of the foundation-stones of IPM programmes developed for commercial apple orchards and vineyards in many fruit- and vine-growing areas of temperate zones (Croft and Hoyt, 1983). Ecological and ecotoxicological aspects of practical use of this predator and its implementation to IPM programmes tailored to fruit orchards and vineyards were also intensively studied in the Czech republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) particularly in the 80th years and the studies continue (Hluchý, 1993, 1994, Hluchý and Pospíšil, 1991, Šula and Zacharda, 1991, Zacharda, 1989, 1991, Zacharda and Hluchy2, 1991, 1994, Zacharda, Pultar and Muška, 1988). The OP-resistant populations of the predator were released and stabilized on about 4.500 hectars of fruit orchards and 4.000 hectars of vineyards, i.e., about 26% and 40% of the total area of fruit orchards and vineyards in the Czech republic, respectively. Two popuations of T. pyri were used for these large-scale releases, the first one came from sprayed commercial apple orchards from the vicinity of Chelcice, south Bohemia, the second one from commercial vineyards located in a relatively dry and warm vine-growing area of the town of Mikulov, south Moravia. Predatory mites from the latter population called “Mikulov” were recently released experimentally in many states of Europe (Austria, Germany, France, Belgium, Northern Italy). Bionomical and ecotoxicological characteristics of this population are well known, efficacies of more than 120 pesticides to this population were tested, so that the population can be managed in practice well. This OP-resistant population is also applicable in situations when a broader spectrum of pesticides, particularly the OP-based ones, should be used. For example, these situations occur when the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, becomes resistant to diflubenzuron, or a pheromone mating disruption method or spraying a virus granulosis are too expensive. | |
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