ISHS Acta Horticulturae 422: International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production
MODIFIED SUMMER PROGRAMME USING BORDER SPRAYS FOR MANAGING THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) AND THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) IN ONTARIO APPLE ORCHARDS |
| Author: | R.M. TRIMBLE |
| Abstract:
The efficacy of two insecticide control programmes for managing the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, was compared in commercial apple orchards in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada, during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. In the cover spray programme, sprays of organophosphorous (OP) insecticide for codling moth and apple maggot control were applied to the entire orchard following Ontario integrated pest management guidelines for apple. In the border spray programme, an initial cover spray of OP insecticide was applied to eradicate any codling moths that had colonized the orchard during the previous growing season and subsequent sprays were applied to a ca four-tree-wide (i.e. ca 20 m) zone around the perimeter of the orchard. The border sprays were applied to control codling moths or apple maggots that invaded the orchard since application of the initial cover spray. Three orchards received the cover spray programme and three orchards received the border spray programme. The relative efficacy of the two programmes was compared by banding 50 trees in each orchard with strips of corrugated cardboard to trap second-generation codling moth larvae and by collecting samples of apples at harvest and inspecting them for apple maggot and codling moth injury as well as for injury caused by other orchard insect pests. During 1993, an average of 3.3 cover sprays were applied in the cover spray orchards whereas one cover spray and an average of 2.7 border sprays were applied in the border spray orchards. During 1994, an average of 2.7 cover sprays were applied in the cover spray orchards whereas one cover spray and an average of 2.3 border sprays were applied in the border spray orchards. Seventeen codling moth larvae were recovered from two of the three border spray orchards during the 1993 growing season. Fifteen of these larvae were recovered from one orchard. One larva was recovered from the three cover spray orchards. Two larvae were recovered from one of the three border spray orchards during the 1994 growing season. Larvae were not recovered from the cover spray orchards. The mean percentage of apples infested by the codling moth and the apple maggot was similar in the border spray and the cover spray orchards during both the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Infestation by the codling moth did not exceed 0.17 %, viz. 17 in every 10,000 apples, at any of the six test orchards. During the 1993 growing season, no apple maggot infested apples were found at any of the six test orchards. However, during the 1994 growing season, 0.19 % of the apples inspected at one of the three border spray orchards were infested with this pest. In a square, 10 ha orchard, one spray applied to the border zone would require only one-quarter as much insecticide as a spray applied to the entire orchard. During a typical season when 3 – 4 sprays were applied in this orchard to control the codling moth and the apple maggot, the border spray programme would require the use of one-half as much insecticide as the cover spray programme. | |
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