ISHS Acta Horticulturae 403: International Symposium on Cultivar Improvement of Horticultural Crops. Part 2: Fruit Crops
RESULTS OF SOUR AND SWEET CHERRY BREEDING AND PRODUCTION IN HUNGARY |
| Author: | J. Apostol |
| Abstract:
According to the surface of the commercial orchards, sour cherries are in Hungary the second tree fruit crop, the first one being apples. The surface of sour cherry orchards takes today more than 5500 ha, with some 60 to 80 thousand tons of marketed yield yearly. About 99% of the yield is constituted of dark purple, very staining types. Just a very small amount of Montmorency-type red cherries are grown (varietal group Pipacs) for export. The ripening season of the sour cherry varieties lasts from early June to 5–10 of July. About 30% of the total yield can be harvested before the 20th of June, 40% between the 20th and 30th, and some 30% in July. The ratio of the main varieties grown is: 35% Èrdi bötermö, 35% Ujfehértói fürtös 3, the variety pandy 7%, 3 varieties of the type Cigány 5%, Meteor korai 3%, Érdi jubileum 3%, and further varieties (Korai pipacs, Pipacs 1, Kántorjánosi, Csengödi, M172 and other hybrids) 12%. During the last twenty years the sour cherry production showed the most dynamic growth among the branches of fruit growing. (fig.1.) The surface of commercial sour cherry orchards doubled owing to the introduction of new, profitable varieties. This expansion has been slowed down in the 80s due to large scale culling of the old orchards. The most important role have had in this expansion of the sour cherry industry in Hungary the new varieties breed and/or selected at the Research Institute for Horticulture (called today Enterprise for Extension and Research in Fruit Growing and Ornamental). The cross breed varieties have been turned out by the late pal MALIGA, AND János APOSTOL. The breeding programme of sour cherry is going on by János Apostol. We have more than 2 000 hybrids in the age of 1 to 14. Some of them is very important because they gave very early ripening time about 10 days earlier than the grown varieties, others have resistance to diseases. In order to get diseases resistant varieties we started a joint breeding programme with the Michigan State University in 1990. In the frame of this work we selected 11 Monillia and Blumeriella (leaf spot) resistance items from Hungarian country side for the further breeding programme. | |
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