ISHS Acta Horticulturae 403: International Symposium on Cultivar Improvement of Horticultural Crops. Part 2: Fruit Crops
BREEDING SMALL FRUIT FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN A HUMID CLIMATE |
| Authors: | C.L. Gupton, B.J. Smith, G.J. Galletta |
| Abstract:
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fragariae Brooks, was first reported on strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in Florida by Brooks (1931). its role in crown rot and wilt was demonstrated the next year (Brooks, 1932). In his initial report of strawberry anthracnose, Brooks reported that high temperature and humidity favoured disease development and that surface water was probably a means of spore dissemination in the field. He also found that wounding was necessary during inoculation to obtain lesions on petioles or leaves but not on stolons. Subsequently, C. fragariae was implicated as the cause of stolon, petiole, and fruit lesions in addition to crown rot and summer wilt of plants (Horn and Carver, 1963; Howard et al., 1992; Smith and Black, 1990). The crown rot phase of the disease is most severe during warm, humid conditions and frequently causes damage in both fruit production fields and summer nurseries in the southeastern United States. The taxonomic status of C. fragariae is uncertain. C. fragariae fits within the group species C.gloeosporioides (Penz.), Penz. and Sacc. (teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata (Stonem.) Spauld. and Schrenk) and was included in this group by Von Arx (1970). However, more recent research has suggested that C. fragariae should be considered a separate species (Howard and Albregts, 1984a, Howard and Albregts, 1984b, Maas and Howard, 1985; Gunnell and Gubler, 1992). Fungi other than C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides also have been reported to cause anthracnose disease of strawberry. These include C. acutatum Simmonds (Cook and Popple, 1984; Simmonds, 1965; Smith and Black, 1986), C. dematium (Pers. ex Fr.) Grove (Beraha and Wright, 1973), and Gloeosporium species (Maas, 1978; Sturgess, 1954; Sturgess, 1957; Wright et al., 1960). Gloeosporium species have been reported to cause a ripe fruit rot as well as stolon, petiole, peduncle, and pedicel lesions of strawberry in Australia (Sturgess, 1954, 1957); a fruit rot of strawberries shipped fruit Louisiana to Chicago (Wright, et al., 1960); and a fruit rot in fields in Maryland (Maas, 1978). Subsequently, Simmonds (1965) included the Australian Gloeosporium species in the recently established C. acutatum, whose fusiform conidia distinguish it from other Colletotrichum species with cylindrical conidia (Sutton, 1980). Since then, C. acutatum has been reported in England to cause petiole and runner lesions as well as fruit rot on strawberry plants obtained from California (Cook and Popple, 1984). More recently, C. acutatum has been shown to cause a crown rot and wilt of strawberry plants (Smith and Black, 1986). | |
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