ISHS Acta Horticulturae 369: Symposium on Small Scale vegetable production and Horticultural Economics in Developing Countries
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INDONESIA ALLIUM CROPS |
| Authors: | E. Sumiati, G.J.H. Grubben |
| Abstract:
Allium crops are grown in Indonesia on total area of 107.000 ha from sea level to 1800 m a.s.l. Shallot is a lowland crop (71 % below 450 m) whereas garlic and bunching onion are highland crops (93% and 83% above 450 m, respectively). Adaptation of highland crops to production in lowland, improvement of yield and quality, and reduction of price fluctuations caused by seasonality are long term research objectives. Research projects related to crop physiology are: (1) breeding of shallot cultivars for the rainy season (resistance to fungi) and/or reproduced from true seeds and cultivars of garlic and bunching onion for mediumland (200–700 m a.s.l) and/or for lowland (< 200 m a.s.l) and (2) development of a package of cultural practices for these Allium crops in submarginal environments. The elevation of the crop growing site and the storage of the planting materials affecting growth and development of shallot at elevations above 450 m is hampered by tendency to bolting resulting in low yield and poor quality (thickneck). Storage of planting materials up to 5 months is only possible in lowland. Bulbing of garlic at elevations below 700 m starts before an adequate photosynthetic apparatus has been built-up, resulting in shorter growing period with lower yield and quality (small bulbs). Storage of garlic planting materials at lower elevations (< 700 m) is recommended for periods exceeding 5 months. | |
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