ISHS Acta Horticulturae 368: International Symposium on Postharvest Treatment of Horticultural Crops
THE PRESENT STATE OF THE RECENT TRENDS IN CA TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT IN RUSSIA |
| Author: | V. Semashko |
| Abstract:
In 1936–1940 some successful trials were carried out to store fruit, meat and butter in CA. Since 1964 three institutions, "Giproniselprom", Michurin Research Institute of Horticulture and Research Institute of Gas Utilization have begun active work in this field. We now have experience in CA storage technology; some CA stores are used in different parts of the former Soviet Union. The first CA commercial store of 500 t capacity was built in Kazakstan in 1975. It has 5 CA rooms and was equipped with an open flame oxygen burner (URGS-2A). Apples and pears are stored over there up to May or June. In 1980 in Crimea a 500 tons capacity CA store for grapes was built. It has 4 rooms and the same type of generator is used. In 1971 wet rice (humidity 17–21%) was commercially stored in CA. Silos of 3.5 m in diameter and 10 meters in height were used. Each one has 35 tons capacity. The same generator was used. After 6 months of storage grain quality was good. There were no yellow and cracked grains. The germination energy was 96–98 %. Wheat at 20–21 % humidity content was stored for 150–160 days. Sunflower of 12 % humidity was stored for 140 days. The amount of fungi and bacteria was decreased 2–3 fold and the quality of grain after storage was quite good. In 1977 a 10.000 ton metal elevator was built in Bjelorussia to store pelletized ground grass. It consists of 27 silos and CA plant with 2 generators. Pelletized ground grass is stored for 250–300 days. The loss of nutrient substances, including carotene, does not exceed 2–3 %. Wet grain of 17–22 % humidity is stored for 5–6 months and after that it is processed for forage. In 1981 in Suhumi a concrete elevator consisting of 54 silos, 650 t each, was built. Three silos are used to kill insects in grain. Most of the insects are killed after 6 days and only a few after 10–12 days. This is an ecologically pure way of getting rid of insects. The development of the first CA generator was started at the All-Union Gas Research Institute in 1966. Gas burning was utilized in it. Activated carbon was used to scrub carbon dioxide. The output of this generator is 120–130 m3/h. The oxygen content in the output stream can be adjusted as low as 0.4–0.6 %, carbon dioxide, from 0 up to 13 %. At the same time a catalytic recirculated oxygen burner RGGS-400 was developed. In the early 1980's the first air separator utilizing flat membranes was designed. The open-flame oxygen burner (URGS) is widely used commercially in the former Soviet Union because of the following reasons; | |
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