ISHS Acta Horticulturae 367: VI International Symposium on Pear Growing
PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE BLIGHT AND ITS MODE OF DISSEMINATION -- A REVIEW |
| Author: | T. Zwet |
| Abstract:
Since the earliest observation of fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr) Winsl. et. al., in the Hudson Valley of New York in 1780, the disease to date has been officially recorded in 31 countries. From the North American continent, fire blight was spread on contaminated fruit crates and/or plant propagating material to four distant locations. In New Zealand and Bermuda, fire blight remained isolated and contained, but once introduced to England and Egypt, the disease moved to 12 and 11 countries, respectively, in western Europe and the eastern Mediterranean. Dissemination of the fire blight bacterium can be accomplished by means of ooze, bacterial strands, epiphytic and endophytic bacteria. The latter two forms are particularly important in the long distance dissemination of E. amylovora and may have significant consequences regarding quarantine regulations in countries without fire blight. | |
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