ISHS Acta Horticulturae 347: II International Symposium on Integrated Fruit Production
AMOUNT AND COST OF PESTICIDES AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN THE PODKARPACIE REGION OF POLAND |
| Author: | E. Makosz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract:
In 1991, apple trees in 30 orchards near Nowy Sacz were sprayed on average 11.5 times against apple scab, 2.3 times against insect pests and 1.6 times against weeds. The following amounts of active ingredients of pesticides and fertilizers were used per 1 ha:
The costs of plant protection and fertilizing per ha amounted to (in Polish zlotys (zl)):
In the autumn of 1991, the average price paid to the producer for 1 kg of dessert-apples was 3500 zl (7000 zl equals 1 DM. Contents of lead and cadmium were measured in apples from 21 orchards in the region. The apples contained 0.001 – 0.393 mg/kg lead and 0.001 – 0.040 cadmium. No remains of pesticides were found in the apples except for phosalone in apples from 5 orchards (0.05 – 0.31 mg/kg). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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