ISHS Acta Horticulturae 283: IV International Symposium on Plum and Prune Genetics, Breeding and Pomology
NEW DATA ON ORIGIN OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA L. |
| Author: | G.V. ERYOMINE |
| Abstract:
Experimental data obtained at the Krymsk Experimental Selection Station of All Union Scientific Institute of Plant Breeding after VAVILOV enable to define more exactly some aspects of Crane and Lawrence's hypothesis on hybridization of species Prunus spinosa L. and Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. It is established that P. spinosa is an amphidiploid hybrid from cross-breeding of P. cerasifera and Microcerasus microcarpa (C.A. Mey) Erem et Juschev. In P. spinosa crossing domestic cherry plum P. cerasifera subsp. macrocarpa Erem et Garkov took part in the origin of which Prunus salicina Lindl., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Persica vulgaris Mill. took part. As an intermediate stage in the origin of P. domestica (6x) sesquidiploid hybrids (4x) of cherry plums and backthorns that form non reduced gametes in a large quantity took part. The problem of the origin of the most important species of plums, Prunus domestica L., constantly attracts scientists attention. Crane and Lawrence's hypothesis about the origin of this amphidiploid (6x) species by way of hybridization of tetraploid (4x) species P. spinosa L. and diploid (2x) species P. cerasifera Ehrh. is the agree upon one (CRANE, 1936). The genome formula of P. domestica is SSS1S1CC (ROUSI, 1965). Hybrids with such genome were obtained by hybridization between P. spinosa and P. cerasifera (RYBIN, 1936; MURAWSKI, 1970). At the Krymsk Experimantal Selection Station, the amphidiploid hybrid was produced by treatment of triploid (3x) hybrid (P. spinosa x P. cerasifera) by colchicin. But all artificial amphidiploids achieved after hybridization of reffered two species differ to a considerable extent from strains of P. domestica by many morphological and biological traits. This gave reasons to consider that not all is clear in the origin of P. domestica and to analyse the collected experimental material on the study of P. spinosa, P. cerasifera, their hybrids, and P. domestica too. SALESSES' studies (1970) have shown that two non homologous genomes are present in the genome of P. spinosa; this is the evidence in favour that this species is an allopolyploid. The genomic analysis carried out with using of morphological, biological and biochemical markers made it possible to established that P. spinosa is an amphidiploid (4x) from hybridization of two diploid (2x) species, P. cerasifera and Microcerasus microcarpa (C.A.Mey) Bois Erem and Juschev, Prunus microcarpa C.A.Mey (EREMIN, 1985). The genome of these species appear in the composition of P. spinosa genome that can have the formula MMCsCs, where M is a genome of M. microcarpa, and Cs the genome of cherry plum included in genome of blackthorn. | |
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