ISHS Acta Horticulturae 279: III International Workshop on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO MANAGING APPLE DISEASES UNDER INDIAN CONDITIONS |
| Author: | V.K. Gupta |
| Abstract:
Apple cultivation has expanded during the last few decades in the temperate region of the world. Attempts are now being made to cultivate it at lower height in warmer areas. This has multiplied the disease problems tremendously and these may become a limiting factor in cultivation in future. Apple scab and other foliar diseases are of almost universal occurrence. Soil borne fungal diseases like root and collar rot occur in patches and their incidence is increasing. Orchards on dwarfing root stocks are suffering more seriously. Crown gall is spreading fast from nurseries to new orchards. Apple replant has not yet become a problem in India as new orchards are not being re-planted on old sites. Apple cankers are peculiar in areas with mild winters and are responsible for death of adult trees. Viruses are of common occurrence. These disease can be managed by following sound combined protection programmes which include cultural methods, chemical and biological control and utilization of host resistance. With soil borne disease each tree has to be treated as an individual patient so that it can be saved and disease does not spread to neighbouring trees. For reducing the spread of diseases caused by fastidious bacteria, mycoplasma like organisms and viruses, mother trees free from these pathogens and having better pomological characters should be utilized. Exchange of healthy plant material at international level is another way to reduce diseases in new orchards. | |
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